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Usurpation of Qi by Tian
The Usurpation of Qi by Tian () was the deposition of the Jiang clan (姜氏) as rulers of the state of Qi, and their replacement by members of the Tian clan (田氏). This occurred as a series of events between 481 and 379 BCE, through which the Tian clan cemented its position as the leading family in Qi. The final acts of this usurpation (391-379 BCE), in conjunction with the Partition of Jin (376 BCE), mark the transition from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period.
The Tian clan continued to use the name "Qi" for their realm after the usurpation. For historiographical purposes, pre-usurpation Qi is referred to as "Jiang Qi" (姜齊), while post-usurpation Qi is referred to as "Tian Qi" (田齊).
==Background==
Qi was originally ruled by the Jiang clan, the descendants of Jiang Ziya. In 672 BCE, Prince Chen Wan of the State of Chen fled to Qi following political unrest in his native state and became the progenitor of the Chen clan of Qi, later known as Tian. By 545 BCE, the Tian clan was one of the strongest families in Qi. Tian Huanzi, in conjunction with other prominent families, eliminated the Qing clan (慶氏), the Luan clan (欒氏), and the Gao clan (高氏).
At the same time, the Tian clan also sought the support of the minor Qi aristocrats and the Qi populace. Tian Huanzi granted fiefdoms to those Qi aristocrats who were not granted lands, and took steps to demonstrate his charity by providing food relief to the poor. His successor, Tian Xizi, garnered additional support through providing low-interest loans to the peasants. At the same time, the Dukes of Qi were seen as venal and corrupt; support for the Tian clan thus gradually overshadowed support for the Jiang clan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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